Abstract: As a pioneer of rural tourism, the construction of ethnic villages in western Hunan has achieved good results. However, the problem of an imbalance between supply and demand remains. Further, public spaces are difficult to effectively utilize due to problems such as imperfect infrastructure and an incomplete supply for the tourism industry. Public spaces in ethnic villages are shared by villagers and tourists. With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the vigorous development of rural tourism, the relationship between public spaces and behavior has become increasingly complex. Hence, residential tourism has become a research hotspot in the field of architecture and planning. This research involved a case study of Pingtan Village, Huangdou Village, and Gaobu Village in western Hunan. The public spaces of these villages were divided into three types (cultural inheritance, social node, and material bearing) based on questionnaires, cognitive maps, and interviews. A network model of objective space, villager behavior, and tourist behavior was built through the social network analysis method. The correlations and influencing mechanisms between residents and public space were analyzed from three dimensions: the village area, the local area, and a single point. The results revealed differences in the correlations between villagers, tourists, and public spaces. Villagers exhibited varied behaviors and activities; they preferred production, living, and neighborhood communication spaces, including spaces with social material carrying capacity and social nodes. Tourist activities were relatively concentrated; tourists preferred public spaces with significant ethnic characteristics, particularly cultural heritage spaces. Based on the research findings, the influencing mechanism of public space characteristics in ethnic villages was discussed from the perspectives of the core driving force, basic binding force, and important supporting force. Furthermore, the formation mechanisms of public spaces in ethnic villages were discussed based on the needs of residents and tourists from the perspectives of necessary behavior, social behavior, and spontaneous behavior. At the same time, more targeted optimization strategies were proposed to improve the "hard" and "soft" connectivity of paths at the village level and to promote the cohesion of local clusters by creating necessary recessive spaces, expanding original regional functions, improving facility requirements, and constructing multiple node spaces with optimized node functions and enhanced spatial vitality. These research findings offer a deeper understanding of the relationships and influencing mechanisms between public spaces and resident and tourist behaviors in ethnic villages, thus facilitating the integrated development of ethnic villages and rural tourism.

Key words: ethnic villages, public space, residential and tourist behaviors, social networks, Xiangxi region

摘要： 湘西作为乡村旅游先行地区，民族村寨建设虽取得较好成效，仍面临着基础设施不健全、旅游环境供给不完善等供需不平衡问题，给公共空间功能的有效发挥带来困境。以湘西典型民族村寨为研究对象，借助社会网络分析方法构建客观空间、村民行为、游客行为网络模型，从村域、局部、单点三个维度对比分析居游行为与公共空间的关联性与影响机制。研究表明，村民、游客与公共空间关联度存在差异性，村民行为活动分散，偏好生产生活、邻里交往空间，与物质承载、社会节点空间关联度较大；游客行为活动较为集中，喜好民族特色显著的公共空间，与文化传承空间关联密切。最后，基于空间行为关联机制，以公共空间形态与村民、游客需求为导向，从村域层面连通性、局部组团凝聚性、节点空间多重性三方面提出优化策略，有助于民族村寨与乡村旅游融合发展。

关键词: 民族村寨, 公共空间, 居游行为, 社会网络, 湘西地区